how to backup ubuntu os

I have two hard disks one running ubuntu Os and the other is empty unformatted partition.I had to backup the ubuntu Os to the unformatted hard disk. I did the following steps.

->I installed gparted. I formatted the unformatted partition /dev/sdb with ext3

filesystem.

->It created the partition table sdb1.

->I then mounted that partition to /mnt/backupdrive/backup

->I installed sbackup from apt-get

sudo apt-get install sbackup.

->I then used it to backup my ubuntu Os to sdb1

SET UP ENVIORNMENT

sudo gedit /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06"

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH JAVA_HOME

$JRE_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06"

export $JRE_HOME

$CATALINA_HOME="/home/mifos/Desktop/apache/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/"

export $CATALINA_HOME

sudo gedit /etc/enviornment

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06"

$CATALINA_HOME="/home/mifos/Desktop/apache/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/"

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.06

export CATALINA_HOME=/home/mifos/Desktop/apache/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/

apt-get cheat sheet

apt-get command cheat sheet for Debian Linux

apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages for Debian Linux which is use to:

• Install/manage individual packages
• Upgrade packages
• Apply security patch(s)
• Keep Debian system up to date
• Download source .deb files
• Front-end to many GUI and other utilities

Here is quick cheat sheet you will find handy while using apt-get at shell prompt:

Syntax	Description	Example(s)
apt-get install {package}	Install the new package. If package is installed then try to upgrade to latest version	apt-get install zip apt-get install lsof samba mysql-client
apt-get remove {package}	Remove/Delete an installed package except configuration files	apt-get remove zip
apt-get --purge remove {package}	Remove/Delete everything including configuration files	apt-get --purge remove mysql-server
apt-get update apt-get upgrade	Resynchronize the package index files and Upgrade the Debian Linux system including security update (Internet access required)	apt-get update apt-get upgrade
apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade	Usually use to upgrade to Debian distribution. For example Woody to Sarge upgrade. 'dist-upgrade' in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary.	apt-get update apt-get dist-upgrade

how to show apt-get install < any package>

edit /etc/apt/sources.list file

how to unlock the download directory in ubuntu

root@localhost:~# sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

root@localhost:~# sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

or

root@localhost:~# dpkg --configure -a

or

root@localhost:~# sudo apt-get install -f

how to remove Hz at startup of ubuntu

1>Go to /etc/usplash.conf

2>Change the resolution to appropriate

3>In terminal type sudo update-usplash-theme usplash-theme-ubuntu

4>restart the computer

how to setup networking between windows host and ubuntu guest

Ubuntu
1>Go to System->Administration->Network

2>In connection tab double click in the wired connection

3>In eth0 settings

connection settings

configuration: static ip address

ip address=192.168.0.2

subnetmask=255.255.255.0

gateway address=192.168.0.1

4>In dns tab

add dns server=192.168.0.1

5>open terminal
6> ifconfig

ifconfig -a
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.20
ifconfig -a
sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.0.20
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
cat /etc/resolv.conf
ping 192.168.0.1
sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.0.20
ping google.com
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.20
sudo ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.0.20
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
cat /etc/resolv.conf
ping 192.168.0.1
ping google.com

how to get the lost grub

1>In terminal type sudo grub

2>grub>find /boot/grub/stage1

3>grub>root (hd0,2)

4>grub>setup hd0

5>grub>quit

6>restart computer

how to change the boot priority of os's at startup

1>Go to /boot/grub/menu.lst

2>change the priority of booting of os's

how to log as root in ubuntu

1> Go to System->Administration->Users and Groups

2> Click on root

3> Change the settings of root and save it

4> Close user settings

5> Go to System->Administration->Login Window

6> In Security tab click on Allow local system administrator login

7> log as root

how to remove file system check at the startup of ubuntu

remove the fsck file from the /sbin folder

or

change the values of last column of /etc/fstab to 0

how to install vlc in ubuntu

sudo apt-get install vlc